Barbed wire and concertina are highly effective against both vehicles and personnel.

Anti-tank ditches (or trenches) are extremely effective, if one has the time and engineering plant.

Counter drone nets and mesh screens, options and discussion

Sandbags and gabions form an essential and enduring component of field defence capability.

A sangar is a protected sentry post, normally located around the perimeter of a base.

Battle trenches and fighting positions for small groups of individual soldiers, crew served weapons, or vehicles, are intended to provide shelter, concealment, and protection from enemy fire. Sometimes in isolation,…

Above ground protected shelters are used for rest areas, medical facilities, HQ and CP functions, storage, and equipment care.

Larger underground shelters (bunkers) can be used for higher level command posts, vehicle and ammunition storage, data centres, first line equipment support, personnel rest locations and medical facilities.